Crypto isakmp identity address command
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| Crypto isakmp identity address command | The public key of the IPSec device? However, with shorter lifetimes, the security appliance sets up future IPsec SAs more quickly. As you can see in this example, the router's identity certificate is named "cacert. There are two types of crypto maps: static and dynamic. This command displays the building of the Phase 1 and 2 connections. Your device's private key was compromised. As you'll see in Chapter 18, "Router Remote Access Connections," a different process is used for remote access users. |
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| Forex program demo | To build a static DNS table, use the following command: Router config ip host hostname address1 [address I can see in the debugs when the two finally finish key negotiation they do agree on using FQDN for Phase 1 negotiation. Example shows the configuration of the router. This example configures RSA signatures. However, with shorter lifetimes, the security appliance sets up future IPsec SAs more quickly. Digital Certificates and Router Enrollment Unlike symmetric or asymmetric RSA encrypted nonces pre-shared keys, digital certificate information is not pre-shared with other peers. Thank you for sharing this information. |
| Crypto isakmp identity address command | This, I believe is specified as host. RSA Key Pair Export Example rA config crypto key generate rsa general-keys label caserver exportable The name for the keys will be: caserver Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of to for your General Purpose Keys. The data connections are commonly referred to as Security Associations. COM hostname R2. The CA places your router's public key in the certificate, and the private key is used to sign authentication information during the IKE Phase 1 authentication process. See pages for the ACL commands. The other end will never look for a hostname key. |
| Crypto isakmp identity address command | Stateful Failover provides both hardware and stateful redundancy, more than the configuration of the appliances being synchronized. The set name does not have to match the other peers. However, there are obviously a few differences. And as with the other two certificate enrollment processes, be sure to save your router's certificate check this out configuration information to NVRAM and view your certificate information to validate it. The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions to a tunnel group based on the content of the phase1 ISAKMP ID: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable ike-id hostname config The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions to a tunnel group based on the IP address of the peer: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable peer-ip hostname config The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions based on the organizational unit OU in the subject distinguished name DN : hostname config tunnel-group-map enable ou The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions based on established rules: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable rules hostname config Using the Tunnel-group-map default-group Command This command specifies a default tunnel group to use when the crypto isakmp identity address command does not specify a tunnel group. |
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This feature is disabled by default. IPsec over TCP, if enabled, takes precedence over all other connection methods. The default is 20 seconds. For example, enter the following command to enable NAT-T and set the keepalive to one hour.
Note This feature does not work with proxy-based firewalls. IPsec over TCP works with remote access clients. It is a client to security appliance feature only. If you enter a well-known port, for example port 80 HTTP or port HTTPS , the system displays a warning that the protocol associated with that port no longer works on the public interface. The consequence is that you can no longer use a browser to manage the security appliance through the public interface.
The default port is You must configure TCP port s on the client as well as on the security appliance. The client configuration must include at least one of the ports you set for the security appliance. To enable IPsec over TCP globally on the security appliance, enter the following command: crypto isakmp ipsec-over-tcp [port port To enable waiting for all active sessions to voluntarily terminate before the security appliance reboots, enter the following command: crypto isakmp reload-wait For example: hostname config crypto isakmp reload-wait Use the reload command to reboot the security appliance.
If you set the reload-wait command, you can use the reload quick command to override the reload-wait setting. The reload and reload-wait commands are available in privileged EXEC mode; neither includes the isakmp prefix. Alerting Peers Before Disconnecting Remote access or LAN-to-LAN sessions can drop for several reasons, such as: a security appliance shutdown or reboot, session idle timeout, maximum connection time exceeded, or administrator cut-off. The peer or client receiving the alert decodes the reason and displays it in the event log or in a pop-up pane.
To enable disconnect notification to IPsec peers, enter the crypto isakmp disconnect-notify command. For example: hostname config crypto isakmp disconnect-notify Configuring Certificate Group Matching Tunnel groups define user connection terms and permissions. Certificate group matching lets you match a user to a tunnel group using either the Subject DN or Issuer DN of the user certificate.
To match users to tunnel groups based on these fields of the certificate, you must first create rules that define a matching criteria, and then associate each rule with the desired tunnel group. To create a certificate map, use the crypto ca certificate map command. To define a tunnel group, use the tunnel-group command.
Creating a Certificate Group Matching Rule and Policy To configure the policy and rules by which certificate-based ISAKMP sessions map to tunnel groups, and to associate the certificate map entries with tunnel groups, enter the tunnel-group-map command in global configuration mode. The values are 1 to To do that, you add the rule priority and group first. Then you define as many criteria statements as you need for each group. When multiple rules are assigned to the same group, a match results for the first rule that tests true.
Requiring all criteria to match is equivalent to a logical AND operation. Alternatively, create one rule for each criterion if you want to require that only one match before assigning a user to a specific tunnel group. Requiring only one criterion to match is equivalent to a logical OR operation. The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions to a tunnel group based on the content of the phase1 ISAKMP ID: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable ike-id hostname config The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions to a tunnel group based on the IP address of the peer: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable peer-ip hostname config The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions based on the organizational unit OU in the subject distinguished name DN : hostname config tunnel-group-map enable ou The following example enables mapping of certificate-based ISAKMP sessions based on established rules: hostname config tunnel-group-map enable rules hostname config Using the Tunnel-group-map default-group Command This command specifies a default tunnel group to use when the configuration does not specify a tunnel group.
The syntax is tunnel-group-map [rule-index] default-group tunnel-group-name where the rule-index is the priority for the rule, and tunnel-group name must be for a tunnel group that already exists. Configuring IPsec This section provides background information about IPsec and describes the procedures required to configure the security appliance when using IPsec to implement a VPN.
If your CA is behind a web proxy, you'll need to configure your router to interact with the proxy with the enrollment http-proxy command, specifying the IP address or FQDN of the proxy and the port number to use when contacting the proxy.
The enrollment mode ra command specifies whether or not the CA provides for an RA s ; you don't need to configure this command because IOS routers will determine automatically whether the CA is using an RA s or not. If the router determines that RAs are being used, this command will appear automatically in the router's configuration.
The enrollment retry period command specifies the length of time that the router will wait for a certificate from the CA before requesting it again. The default is one minute. The enrollment retry count command specifies how many times the router will continue contacting the CA for a certificate request before giving up; the default configuration specifies that the router will try continually without ever giving up.
For more information on using a router as a CA, see the "Routers as Certificate Authorities" section later in the chapter. The crl command specifies configuration options for using CRLs. If you know that your CA uses CRLs, don't configure this command; otherwise you inadvertently might use a revoked certificate, because CRL checking is optional with this command enabled. This feature is new in IOS The ocsp url command specifies the OCSP's location of revoked certificates; if the CA's certificate has this location already on it and you configure the ocsp url command, the configured command overrides the information on the CA's certificate.
The revocation-check command specifies the method or order of methods to use to check the revocation status of a certificate. There are three defined method parameters: crl, ocsp, and none. The query certificate command specifies that any certificate information for this particular trustpoint is not stored in NVRAMthe advantage of this command over the crypto ca certificate query command is that the latter is global and affects all CAs defined on the router, whereas the former affects only the current trustpoint's configuration.
The primary command specifies that this particular trustpoint is assigned the primary CA role on the router; this command is necessary only if you have more than one CA configured and you want one to be the primary one. The source interface command, new in IOS This command typically is used when the exit interface of the router has a private or IP address, but the router does have another interface with a public address and wants this address to be used.
If you omit this command, the router uses the interface chosen based on its routing table selection. The default command, followed by another trustpoint command, sets the specified trustpoint command back to the default value. This is useful if you want to undo a trustpoint configuration command. Other optional commands can be configured under the trustpoint in the trustpoint subcommand mode , however, I'll discuss these in later sections.
Note In IOS versions before This is also true of the crypto ca trusted-root, which allows you to specify a root CA in a hierarchical CA setup. Example illustrates this process. The name of the CA is "caserver. It's important that you do this, because this is the weakest link in the security process of using certificates.
At this point, a man-in-the-middle attack could be occurring and you could be receiving a hostile or invalid CA certificate. Step 6: Request the Router's Identity Certificate Before you can request the router's identity certificate, first you must have downloaded and verified the CA's certificate in Step 5. This is necessary so that the router can use the CA certificate to validate any certificate received from the same CA's domain , including the router's own identity certificate.
Likewise, you already must have generated an RSA key pair which is used to sign and verify the identity certificate request. First you'll be prompted for a challenge password. This password serves two purposes: it is used by the CA to control who can request a new certificate and by the CA administrator to revoke a valid certificate. You also have the option of including the router's serial number or IP address in the identity certificate. Once the request has been approved and the identity certificate generated, your router will download the identity certificate automatically.
Example illustrates how to use SCEP to request an identity certificate for your router. You will need to verbally provide this password to the CA Administrator in order to revoke your certificate. For security reasons your password will not be saved in the configuration. Please make a note of it. If the router reboots before the requested identity certificate was installed and saved, you'll need to re-execute the crypto ca enroll command; the same is true for downloading and authenticating the CA certificate: crypto ca authenticate.
Step 8: Verify the Certificate Operation Once you have an identity certificate on the router, the last step is to verify the certificate operation process. The output of this command, shown in Example , displays some of the information found on the CA certificate, in addition to how the trustpoint is configured on the router.
The first certificate is the router's identity certificate and the second one is the CA's. This command typically is used if certificates have been revoked on the CA, but you suspect your router doesn't have the most up-to-date CRL. There are many reasons you might want to delete a certificate, including the following: You need to generate an RSA key pair with a longer or shorter modulus. Your current certificate has expired. Your private key has been compromised.
You no longer are using the certificate for authentication functions. To delete a certificate, such as your router's identity certificate, first view the certificate with the show crypto ca certificates command and look for the serial number of the certificate to be revoked. This takes you into a subcommand mode where you remove the certificate by specifying the serial number of the certificate to be deleted with the no certificate command.
Once a certificate is deleted, you can remove its associated RSA key pair with the crypto key zeroize rsa command, discussed earlier in the "Removing RSA Keys" section. Note Cisco doesn't recommend using SCEP to obtain one certificate and TFTP or cut-and-paste to obtain the other certificate when retrieving the CA and identity certificates; this might create problems when trying to retrieve the second certificate from the CA.
However, there are obviously a few differences. Step 4, defining a CA, is slightly different. Next, configure the trustpoint with the crypto ca trustpoint command. This command was discussed previously in the "Step 4: Define a CA" section. Otherwise, you'll use a local TFTP server. The file specified is the CA's certificate and must be in a base encoding scheme. Also, the router will append ".
Next, perform Step 5 as discussed previously in the "Step 5: Download and Authenticate the CA's Certificate" section by executing the crypto ca authenticate command to download and authenticate the CA's certificate from the TFTP server. You'll need to verify the CA's signature and accept it if valid. Following this, request the router's certificate by executing the crypto ca enroll command, discussed previously in the "Step 6: Request the Router's Identity Certificate" section. The name of the file on the TFTP server will be the file name listed in the enrollment url command followed by ".
Give this file to the CA administrator, which then will be used by the CA to create an identity certificate for your router. Example illustrates the use of this command. As you can see in this example, the router's identity certificate is named "cacert. This reduces the likelihood of another router pulling in your certificate, since there is no authentication or access control with TFTP.
Plus, the same file name is used for the CA and identity certificate, like "caserver"; what's unique is the extension: ". Finally, save your router's certificate information with the copy running-config startup-config command, view the trustpoint with the show crypto ca trustpoint command, and view your router's certificate information with the show crypto ca certificates command steps 7 and 8.
Steps 13 are the same as the other two processes for obtaining a certificate. Step 4, defining a CA, is slightly different than the other two, however. As with the other two, configure the trustpoint with the crypto ca trustpoint command. The main difference is the enrollment terminal command, which specifies that cut-and-paste will be used to obtain the CA's certificate.
Once you have defined the CA, in Step 5 you'll execute the crypto ca authenticate command to obtain the CA's certificate. With cut-and-paste, you'll need to open the file the CA administrator gave you containing the CA's certificate, copy the contents including the beginning and ending lines starting with the dashes "" , and paste it into the router's configuration when prompted. Once you have pasted the CA certificate into the router, type in quit on a blank line to terminate the cut-and-paste process and to have the router import the CA's certificate.
The execution of this command is similar to the other two processes; however, you have the option of displaying the PKCS 10 information to the router's terminal screen, which you want to answer yes. At the line that states Certificate Request follows, select the information here, copy it, store it in a file, and send it to the administrator of the CA, who will use it to create an identity certificate for your router.
After pasting in the certificate, on a blank line type in quit, signifying that this is the end of the cut-and-paste process. The router will validate the certificate and import it. And as with the other two certificate enrollment processes, be sure to save your router's certificate and configuration information to NVRAM and view your certificate information to validate it.
This process is triggered when a trustpoint CA has been configured, but a corresponding CA certificate doesn't exist on the router; plus, when the router's certificate expires, the router automatically will request a new certificate as needed. Of course, the administrator of the CA still might need to approve your router's certificate request via autoenrollment; however, you don't have to do anything to initiate the process from the router side.
Autoenrollment Trustpoint Configuration The configuration of autoenrollment is very similar to the configuration of enrollment for certificates using SCEP. Once you've done this, you now need to configure your trustpoint. The ip-address command specifies the IP address or router interface name which would include that interface's IP address to be included on the certificate; specify the none parameter if you don't want an IP address on the identity certificate. The serial-number command specifies that the router's serial number should be included in the certificate request; use the none parameter to exclude this from the certificate request.
The password command specifies the password to use for revoking passwords, called the challenge password. If you omit this command, the FQDN default key pair is used. If you specify the keying information, once autoenrollment starts, if the specified key label doesn't exist, autoenrollment will create the RSA key pair automatically; you can view the new key pair with the show crypto key mypubkey rsa command.
Note One thing to note is that if you don't configure a specific value that typically is prompted for by the router, you'll still be prompted for these items; therefore, be sure that you configure all command values even if you set it to none so that autoenrollment occurs without any operator intervention.
The last step you need to perform in the trustpoint configuration is to enable autoenrollment with the auto-enroll command. The regenerate parameter specifies that a new RSA key pair should be created for the certificate even if a named key pair already exists. This ensures that when a router's certificate expires and it needs to request a new one, new keys are used instead of the ones from the old certificate.
Autoenrollment and the CA Certificate When you're done with the trustpoint configuration with autoenrollment, within a few seconds the IOS will tell you that autoenrollment won't work until you obtain the CA's certificate and authenticate it. The second option is to add the CA's certificate manually, using the crypto ca certificate chain and certificate ca commands.
Wait a few minutes for the autoenrollment process to start and obtain the router's identity certificate. If you're impatient, save your router's configuration and reboot it; upon rebooting, it will obtain its identity certificate. Autoenrollment Example Now that you understand the basic configuration for autoenrollment, I'll look at a simple configuration in Example that illustrates how to set up autoenrollment. After the trustpoint configuration, the IOS warns you that you must next download and authenticate the CA certificate, which I did with the crypto ca authenticate command.
Once this was done, about a minute later the autoenrollment process started with the information I configured under the trustpoint. Once done, you'll want to use the show crypto ca certificates and show crypto ca trustpoints command to verify that autoenroll did indeed acquire an identity certificate for your router. With CABAC, you can have the router look at specific certificate fields on a certificate and the values associated with them when determining whether or not you'll accept the certificate.
CABAC allows you to look at one or more fields on a certificate for an acceptable value s. The kinds of tests you can perform are: equal to, not equal to, contains, doesn't contain, is less than, and is greater than or equal to, for the contents of a field.
If you specify more than one test, all tests on all the specified fields must be true for a match to occur and an action to take place. Another nice feature is that you can specify a field multiple times within CABAC if you are looking for a number of permitted values. For example, maybe you have a network with a router that handles site-to-site sessions with only a few remote access sessions for administrative functions, where the remote access authentication is handled by an AAA server such as Cisco Secure ACS CSACS.
Both the router and use certificates for device authentication. However, you don't want the users to establish IPsec remote access sessions to the router, which they could, by default, because both the router and use certificates from the same CA for device authentication and the same source CSACS for user authentication XAUTH. In this instance, you can use CABAC to match on the OU field that the network administrators belong to, in addition to the site-to-site connection devices, and thereby exclude all other remote access users.
Note The memory and processing required to perform CABAC is minimal and adds very little overhead to the router and certificate verification process. The map can have multiple entries in it, where each entry has a unique sequence number.
Sequence numbers can range from ,, where entries are processed in numerical order. Normally, I use the name of the CA that this will be applied against, but you can use whatever map name you choose just so it is unique among all certificate map names on the router.
After executing the crypto ca certificate map command, you are taken into a subcommand mode where you can enter your matching criteria. The first value you enter on a command line is the name of the field on the certificate you're going to match against: subject-name, issuer-name, unstructured-subject-name, alt-subject-name, name, valid-start, and expires-on. The match certificate command specifies the certificate map configuration you created with the crypto ca certificate map command.
At this point, any new IPsec sessions brought up will first be validated using the certificate map. Note The entries in the certificate map are processed in numerical order. Matching on names strings is case-insensitive. As soon as a match is found for an entry, no further processing occurs.
When a match occurs all specific matchings in the entry must match , the peer's certificate will then be validated by checking the authenticity of it with the CA's signature, checking the validity date of the certificate, and checking the revocation status the last is optional.
If a match isn't found in the certificate map, the certificate is automatically considered invalid and device authentication fails. I'll use the example I referred to earlier about limiting IPsec access to the router to just the site-to-site sessions and the remote access network administrators, all of which are using certificates for device authentication.
Example shows the configuration of the router. The first entry 10 allows only a certificate that was issued by "caserver" where the Common Name CN is "ra. Entry 20 matches on the second L2L peer. Entry 30 only looks for matches on certificates issued by "caserver" where the OU field is "netadmins," which represents the group name of the network administrator group. As you can see in this example, if there is not a match on these three entries, the remote peer will fail device authentication with certificates.
If you are using CRLs and a peer's serial number is listed in the CRL, by default, your router will invalidate the peer's certificate, causing authentication to fail. Likewise, if your router's date is beyond the expiration date on a peer's certificate, your router will invalidate the peer's certificate, causing authentication to fail.
With the certificate ACL feature, you can create exceptions to these cases. This is useful, for instance, if your router's battery for its clock dies and always comes up with an incorrect date such as or Even using NTP, the router's NTP process only allows incremental changes in the time, so it might take a long time for the router to synchronize its time with the NTP server.
In this situation, if a peer's certificate says the validation dates are from November 30, to November 30, and the current day is November 19, , the certificate is obviously valid; however, when your router, with the bad clock battery, boots up, it might have a date of March 1, Obviously the router would think the peer's certificate is invalid, when in reality it is valid. The real remedy to this problem is to replace the router's clock battery.
In the interim, though, you can use the certificate ACL feature to allow the router to accept the certificate based on an "invalid" date. Creating the matching rules for certificates to be allowed Applying the matching rules to a trustpoint with the type of exception allowed To create your match rules, you need to create a certificate map with your rules embedded within the map using the crypto ca certificate map discussed in the last section.
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