In finance, a spread usually refers to the difference between two prices (the bid and the ask) of a security or asset, or between two similar assets. How many times during a discussion about finances have you heard someone say, "Investing in the stock market is just like gambling at a casino"? Forex spread betting allows speculation on the movements of the selected currency without actually transacting in the foreign exchange market. MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE PHOTOS INSIDE PICTURES

Bids reflect the demand, while the ask price reflects the supply. The spread can become much wider when one outweighs the other. Liquidity Impact on Bid-Ask Spreads There are several factors that contribute to the difference between the bid and ask prices. The most evident factor is a security's liquidity. This refers to the volume or number of shares traded on a daily basis. Some stocks are traded regularly while others are only traded a few times a day.

The stocks and indexes that have large trading volumes will have narrower bid-ask spreads than those that are infrequently traded. When a stock has a low trading volume, it is considered illiquid because it is not easily converted to cash. As a result, a broker will require more compensation for handling the transaction, accounting for the larger spread.

Volatility and Bid-Ask Spreads Another important aspect that affects the bid-ask spread is volatility. Volatility usually increases during periods of rapid market decline or advancement. At these times, the bid-ask spread is much wider because market makers want to take advantage of—and profit from—it. When securities are increasing in value, investors are willing to pay more, giving market makers the opportunity to charge higher premiums.

When volatility is low, and uncertainty and risk are at a minimum, the bid-ask spread is narrow. Stock Price Impact A stock's price also influences the bid-ask spread. If the price is low, the bid-ask spread will tend to be larger. The reason for this is linked to the idea of liquidity. Most low-priced securities are either new or small in size. Therefore, the number of these securities that can be traded is limited, making them less liquid. Ultimately, the bid-ask spread comes down to supply and demand.

That is, higher demand and tighter supply will mean a lower spread. Today, with the help of technology, finding a buyer or seller can be done much quicker, helping make supply-and-demand dynamics much more efficient. Types of Orders When a buyer or seller goes to place an order, there's a variety of orders that can be placed.

This includes a market order , which, when placed, means the party will take the best offer. Then there's a limit order, which puts a limit on the price one is willing to pay to execute the transaction. A limit order will only be completed if that price is available.

Meanwhile, a stop order is a conditional order, where it becomes a market or limit order when a particular price is reached. It can't be seen by the market otherwise, unlike a limit order, which can be seen when placed. Some high-frequency traders and market makers attempt to make money by exploiting changes in the bid-ask spread.

The Bid-Ask Spread's Relation to Liquidity The size of the bid-ask spread from one asset to another differs mainly because of the difference in liquidity of each asset. Certain markets are more liquid than others and that should be reflected in their lower spreads.

Essentially, transaction initiators price takers demand liquidity while counterparties market makers supply liquidity. For example, currency is considered the most liquid asset in the world, and the bid-ask spread in the currency market is one of the smallest one-hundredth of a percent ; in other words, the spread can be measured in fractions of pennies. Bid-ask spreads can also reflect the market maker's perceived risk in offering a trade.

For example, options or futures contracts may have bid-ask spreads that represent a much larger percentage of their price than a forex or equities trade. The width of the spread might be based not only on liquidity but also on how quickly the prices could change. The bid-ask spread can also be stated in percentage terms; it is customarily calculated as a percentage of the lowest sell price or ask price. This spread would close if a potential buyer offered to purchase the stock at a higher price or if a potential seller offered to sell the stock at a lower price.

Elements of the Bid-Ask Spread Bid-ask spread trades can be done in most kinds of securities, as well as foreign exchange and commodities. Traders use the bid-ask spread as an indicator of market liquidity. High friction between the supply and demand for that security will create a wider spread. Most traders prefer to use limit orders instead of market orders; this allows them to choose their own entry points rather than accepting the current market price.

There is a cost involved with the bid-ask spread, as two trades are being conducted simultaneously. In financial markets, a bid-ask spread is the difference between the asking price and the offering price of a security or other asset. The bid-ask spread is the difference between the highest price a buyer will offer the bid price and the lowest price a seller will accept the ask price.

Typically, an asset with a narrow bid-ask spread will have high demand. By contrast, assets with a wide bid-ask spread may have a low volume of demand, therefore influencing wider discrepancies in its price. Bid-ask spread, also known as "spread", can be high due to a number of factors. First, liquidity plays a primary role. When there is a significant amount of liquidity in a given market for a security, the spread will be tighter. Stocks that are traded heavily, such as Google, Apple, and Microsoft will have a smaller bid-ask spread.

Conversely, a bid-ask spread may be high to unknown, or unpopular securities on a given day.

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If you believe a specific stock index like the FTSE , currency pair or commodity will rise or fall, you can bet so much a point and either keep the end date open or set a time limit, which is normally a day or three months forward to close the trade. For every point the trade moves in your favour, you win multiples of your stake and for every point it moves against you lose multiples of your stake.

We will go into this in more detail later. Your profit or loss is the difference between the price at which you enter and the price at which you close the trade. The more the market moves in your direction you have predicted, the greater your profit. Conversely, when the market moves against you, the more you lose. The danger is that the loss may exceed your deposit margin. The fees are in the spread - so watch the spread. There is no CGT, stamp duty, explicit trading commissions. Trading on margin allows traders and investors to open larger positions, which makes it viable to target relatively small price movements.

Key Takeaways Spread betting refers to speculating on the direction of a financial market without actually taking a position in the underlying security. The investor does not own the underlying security in spread betting, they simply speculate on its price movement using leverage.

It is promoted as a cost-effective method to speculate in both bull and bear markets. Understanding Spread Betting Spread betting allows investors to speculate on the price movement of a wide variety of financial instruments, such as stocks , forex , commodities , and fixed-income securities. In other words, an investor makes a bet based on whether they think the market will rise or fall from the time their bet is accepted. They also get to choose how much they want to risk on their bet.

It is promoted as a tax-free, commission-free activity that allows investors to profit from either bull or bear markets. Spread betting is a leveraged product which means investors only need to deposit a small percentage of the position's value. This magnifies both gains and losses which means investors can lose more than their initial investment. Spread betting is not available to residents of the United States due to regulatory and legal limitations.

Managing Risk in Spread Betting Despite the risk that comes with the use of high leverage, spread betting offers effective tools to limit losses : Standard stop-loss orders: Stop-loss orders reduce risk by automatically closing out a losing trade once a market passes a set price level. In the case of a standard stop-loss, the order will close out your trade at the best available price once the set stop value has been reached.

It's possible that your trade can be closed out at a worse level than that of the stop trigger, especially when the market is in a state of high volatility. Guaranteed stop-loss orders: This form of stop-loss order guarantees to close your trade at the exact value you have set, regardless of the underlying market conditions.

However, this form of downside insurance is not free. Guaranteed stop-loss orders typically incur an additional charge from your broker. Risk can also be mitigated by the use of arbitrage, betting two ways simultaneously. If an investor is trading physical shares, they have to borrow the stock they intend to short sell which can be time-consuming and costly. Spread betting makes short selling as easy as buying. No Commissions Spread betting companies make money through the spread they offer.

There is no separate commission charge which makes it easier for investors to monitor trading costs and work out their position size. Tax Benefits Spread betting is considered gambling in some tax jurisdictions, and subsequently, any realized gains may be taxable as winnings and not capital gains or income.

Investors who exercise spread betting should keep records and seek the advice of an accountant before completing their taxes. Because taxation on winnings in some countries is far less than that on capital gains or trading income, spread betting can be quite tax-efficient, depending on one's location.

Wide Spreads During periods of volatility, spread betting firms may widen their spreads. This can trigger stop-loss orders and increase trading costs. Investors should be wary about placing orders immediately before company earnings announcements and economic reports.

Spread Betting vs. CFDs Many spread betting platforms will also offer trading in contracts for difference CFDs , which are a similar type of contract. CFDs are derivative contracts where traders can bet on short-term price moves.

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