Ethereum subprotocol
ERC: These refer to application-level standards and conventions and include name registries and token standards. Meta: These processes change requests and operate similar to a Standard Track EIPs but apply to parts other than the Ethereum protocol. Informational: This provides guidelines in designing Ethereum.
A number of other processes are involved to decide whether to include the changes once an EIP is submitted. Final Non-core : An EIP that is in last call for a minimum of two weeks and all technical concerns that have been raised have been dealt with. Deferred: An EIP that will not be immediately adopted but is being considered for later adoption.
The following keys are required value types are noted after the key string : "protocolVersion" P: is 1 for protocol version one. Integer, as found in block header. Allowed integer values are: none 0 : no Announce messages are sent, i. If the node serves chain data then "serveChainSince" should always be present while "serveRecentChain" is optional. If the node serves state data then "serveStateSince" should always be present while "serveRecentState" is optional.
This allows announcing additional capabilities while staying compatible with past protocol versions. A restrictive change of server capabilities for example, an increase of "serveStateSince" due to state pruning should be announced at least 10 seconds prior to actually restricting those capabilities in order to avoid asynchronous problems.
Changes to unknown keys should be ignored. Changes to known keys that make no sense lead to disconnection. Announcing a head with a lower or equal TD than previously announced or a head that the sending node later refuses to honor with a proceeding GetBlockHeaders message with number and TD also matching is considered bad form, and may lead to disconnection or reduce the reputation of the sending node.
The field reorgDepth contains the number of blocks to be rolled back from the last head announced by the same node in order to find the last common ancestor of the last and current heaviest chain. Adding this field helps the client to minimize the number of requests and the amount of bandwidth required to fetch new headers.
Reply must contain a number of block headers, of rising number when reverse is 0, falling when 1, skip blocks apart, beginning at block block denoted by either number or hash in the canonical chain, and with at most maxHeaders items.
The items in the list following the message ID are block headers in the format described in the main Ethereum specification, previously asked for in a GetBlockHeaders message. The list may be empty if none of the requested block headers were available on the server side. Specify the set of blocks that we're interested in with the hashes.
The items in the list following the message ID are some of the blocks, minus the header, in the format described in the main Ethereum specification, previously asked for in a GetBlockBodies message. If fromLevel is greater than zero, the given number of trie nodes closest to the root can be omitted from the proof. This set will be called a proof set.
Compared to Proofs , this message contains a single list of nodes satisfying all requested proofs. The list shouldn't contain duplicate nodes. It retrieves Merkle proofs from different types of "helper tries" which are generated for every fixed-length section of the canonical chain. If auxReq is greater than zero then auxiliary data is requested too.
If auxReq is 1 then the root hash of the specified trie according to the server is returned and no trie nodes are added to the proof set. This special request will be required for trustless validation of helper tries. The interpretation of auxReq values greater than 1 is subject to subType. If auxReq is 2 then the belonging header is returned as auxData.
BloomBits 1 : request a key from the BloomBits Trie. In this trie key is 10 bytes long, it consists of the bloom bit index encoded as a 2-byte big endian, followed by the section index encoded as an 8-byte big endian. The returned value is the corresponding compressed bloom bit vector. The length of the auxData list equals the number of requests with a non-zero auxReq. This message is intended for inquiry about past transactions sent by the client.
Note that the server is not required to make every transaction available indefinitely. Possible status values are: Unknown 0 : transaction is unknown Queued 1 : transaction is queued not processable yet Pending 2 : transaction is pending processable Included 3 : transaction is already included in the canonical chain. Error 4 : transaction sending failed. StopMsg 0x16 Instruct the client to temporarily stop sending requests and to not expect responses to those requests it did not already receive a reply for.
Implementer's note: this message can be used to handle transient server overloads or individual client flow control buffer underruns. The server should avoid sending StopMsg too often though if the client also avoids buffer underruns. It should try to regulate its own utilization and thereby also the frequency of transient overload occurences with the flow control feedback.
Receiving StopMsg more than once every few minutes in long term average or not receiving ResumeMsg in a few seconds can be considered bad service quality by the clients. Note that the requests not answered before StopMsg were permanently canceled and will not be answered after ResumeMsg.
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The Most Misunderstood Concept in Ethereum - Ethereum transactions explainedHEWITT FERRER BETTING
Traditionally this protocol has rarely been used because full nodes are required to serve data to light clients without being incentivized. The default behaviour of execution clients is not to serve light client data over les. More information is available in the les spec. Snap The snap protocol is an optional extension that allows peers to exchange snapshots of recent states, allowing peers to verify account and storage data without having to download intermediate Merkle trie nodes.
Wit witness protocol The witness protocol is an optional extension that enables exchange of state witnesses between peers, helping to sync clients to the tip of the chain. Whisper Whisper was a protocol that aimed to deliver secure messaging between peers without writing any information to the blockchain. It was part of the DevP2P wire protocol but is now deprecated. Other related projects exist with similar aims. The consensus layer The consensus clients participate in a separate peer-to-peer network with a different specification.
Consensus clients need to participate in block gossip so that they can receive new blocks from peers and broadcast them when it is their turn to be block proposer. Similar to the execution layer, this first requires a discovery protocol so that a node can find peers and establish secure sessions for exchanging blocks, attestations etc.
Discovery Similar to the execution clients, consensus clients use discv5 over UDP for finding peers. The consensus layer implementation of discv5 differs from that of the execution clients only in that it includes an adaptor connecting discv5 into a libP2P stack, deprecating DevP2P. The execution layer's RLPx sessions are deprecated in favour of libP2P's noise secure channel handshake. The former makes it easier for nodes to find peers participating in specific attestation gossip sub-networks.
The eth2 key contains information about which Ethereum fork version the node is using, ensuring peers are connecting to the right Ethereum. Gossip The gossip domain includes all information that has to spread rapidly throughout the network. This includes beacon blocks, proofs, attestations, exits and slashings. This is transmitted using libP2P gossipsub v1 and relies on various metadata being stored locally at each node, including maximum size of gossip payloads to receive and transmit.
Detailed information about the gossip domain is available here. Request-response The request-response domain contains protocols for clients requesting specific information from their peers. Examples include requesting specific Beacon blocks matching certain root hashes or within a range of slots. Specify the set of blocks that we're interested in with the hashes. The items in the list following the message ID are some of the blocks, minus the header, in the format described in the main Ethereum specification, previously asked for in a GetBlockBodies message.
If fromLevel is greater than zero, the given number of trie nodes closest to the root can be omitted from the proof. Each block delta contains a list of altered trie nodes in no particular order and contract code within the block. Each transaction proof consists of a set of required trie nodes from various tries, in no particular order and code. This can be done impromptu or as part of a request. The first block by hash which queries may request state data for.
The last block by hash which queries may request state data for. Indicates whether this peer can serve block bodies. Indicates whether this peer can serve receipts. Keys may be omitted, in which case they should be assumed to hold the previous value sent or an arbitrary value if there is no previous. Broadcasted capabilities are not binding, i. They are meant to be only hints.
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